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No. 12/2021 (March 22, 2021)
Will polymer cables replace the copper ones?
A team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has presented a new type of polymer cable that is less than 0.5 mm in diameter. Thinner and lighter than its copper counterparts, it is capable of transferring data at rates rivaling fiber optic cables, while being compatible with silicon chipsets. In the tests conducted, data transfer rates as high as 100 GBps were achieved. Effectively transferring larger amounts of data over copper cables is becoming increasingly difficult. For low data rate USB devices, such as mice and keyboards, the cables are long, thin and cheap to manufacture. With newer standards, aimed at much higher data rates, we see cables becoming much thicker, more expensive, and usually short due to technical limitations. Fiber optic cables are an alternative, but they are not compatible with silicon chips. Overcoming such limitations, while theoretically possible, can be extremely expensive, especially for electronics-rich device applications such as data centers, spacecraft and electric vehicles.
The researchers have developed a data transfer system that connects a high-frequency silicon chipset to a 0.4 mm polymer cable.
The polymer cable is a solution that takes the best of copper wires and fiber optics while eliminating their drawbacks. In the study, which was partially funded by Intel, subterahertz electromagnetic signals were used. The scientists have designed inexpensive silicon chipsets capable of being paired with polymer cables. For the experiment, the chipsets were connected with a single 30 centimeter long and 0.4 millimeter wide polymer tape. It was capable of transferring data in three channels at 105 GBps with much higher efficiency than is possible with copper when purely paired with silicon chipsets.
LTE repater.
The Signal GDW-505 A6777 repeater is used to amplify EGSM, GSM, DCS, WCDMA, and LTE signals and bring them indoors. The device is ideal for places where the signal is so weak that making calls or transmitting data via cellular phone is impossible. An example may be a place located far from the transmitter or a building with thick walls, cellars (coffee shops) or modern windows with panes of covered with metallic compounds.Installation of the Signal GDW-505 A6777 repeater:
- choose a place outside the building where the cellular signal is correctly received,
- mount the outdoor antenna (A741031) so that it faces the GSM base station,
- choose a location for installing the repeater somewhere inside the building to place the indoor antenna in the central part of the building/hall/room to be covered,
- check if the distance between the outdoor and indoor antennas is at least 10 m,
- install the GDW-505 repeater away from heat sources, ensuring proper device cooling,
- check the correctness of the wire connections between the repeater and the antennas (the external and internal antenna sockets are marked accordingly),
- plug the power supply into the 230 VAC socket.
The diagram below shows the correct installation of the repeater in a single-family house.
Device installation in a single-family house
Installations in places with difficult conditions for DVB-T/T2 signal reception.
When a single DVB-T/T2 receiver connected directly to the antenna allows for proper reception of digital signals, we know that such signal can be regenerated for distribution in a network with tens or even hundreds of outlets.As threshold values, sufficient for reception by a single receiver, the following can be assumed: 26 dB for modulation error rate MER and 10E(-3) for bit error rate BER. If the error level at the output of the antenna is high, the use of channel amplifiers or frequency converters may be ineffective. If this is the case, a DVB-T/T2 signal regenerator is used to improve its quality. The process consists in receiving DVB-T signal, demodulation to a transport stream, and then COFDM re-modulation with a selected multiplex (converter function). The TTX-420 transmodulator R81616 is used to regenerate, change frequency and other parameters of digital DVB-T/T2 signals. The device supports the reception of free-to-air channels. One TTX-420 R81616 panel receives the entire signal packet from two multiplexes and creates two adjacent DVB-T multiplexes with a maximum bandwidth of 31.68 Mbps. In practice, this translates into 6 standard definition SD channels or 2-3 high definition HD channels for each of the multiplexes. The system administrator selects channels of interest from a given satellite stream, then creates two DVB-T multiplexes. It is possible to create one DVB-T multiplex from two different DVB-T/T2/C multiplexes. The device can work in two modes:
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Lightweight version of iVMS-4200.
By default, the CMS software called iVMS-4200 is used to support Hikvision devices. It integrates many of the manufacturer's systems and has extensive functionality.The iVMS-4200 Lite version with fewer functions and reduced workstation requirements (less CPU and RAM load, faster startup) is also available. It is designed for small systems in such facilities as apartments or small stores and offices. It performs basic CMS functions for CCTV systems (no support for other systems):
- live image viewing of up to 64 cameras with view configuration and automatic startup of the last view on,
- control of PTZ cameras,
- playback of recordings from up to 16 cameras,
- downloading of recordings,
- P2P Hik-Connect support.
Summary of selected functions of iVMS application in standard and Lite version:
| Feature | iVMS-4200 | iVMS-4200 Lite |
| Account management | Support for up to 50 users and one super user | - |
| Group management | Support for up to 256 groups | - |
| Support for up to 256 channel in each group | - | |
| Stream Media Server | YES | - |
| Mass storage server | YES | - |
| Support for Fisheye and PanoVu cameras | YES | - |
| Access to recordings triggered by events, POS, VCA | YES | - |
| Material selection options | File names, date/time, markers | Date/time |
| Video clip | - | YES |
| Alarm event panel | YES | - |
| E-map module | YES | - |
| Statistics (people counting, LPR etc.) | YES | - |
| Access control functions | YES | - |
| Video wall support | YES | - |
Batch activation of Hikvision network devices and changing their IP addresses with SADP.
SADP (Search Active Device Protocol) is a free and easy to use software designed to search the local network for Hikvision IP cameras, DVRs and video intercoms. Using it you can modify their basic network parameters, activate devices and change or restore passwords. SADP is particularly useful when building large CCTV or video intercom systems. Newly purchased devices have to be activated by assigning passwords. In addition to that, the IP addresses of the devices are repeated so there would be a conflict of IP addresses when all of them were connected to the network at the same time. While in the case of a few devices it is possible to connect them one by one, activate and change IP address via a browser (if the device has built-in webserver), for large, e.g. CCTV systems with 32 IP cameras, it would be very laborious and time-consuming. After connecting all devices, SADP running on the local network will detect them as inactive. Selecting them all allows for a quick batch activation of the devices by assigning an administrator password. For DVRs, it is also necessary to enter the password for activating cameras. Upon acceptance, a window will appear confirming the activation of the devices. |  |
View of activation window and properly completed process
When this step is finished, you can proceed to batch addressing of the devices. To do so, select all the devices and complete the network parameters, as shown in the following image. The devices will be addressed one by one starting from the IP address that has been entered. When the password with which the cameras have been activated is entered, a window with information about the changes will appear.
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View of batch IP address change window and correctly completed process
![Outdoor Cable: DRAKA A-DQ(ZN)B2Y SM (8xG.652D) [1m]](https://static.dipol.com.pl/images/sk/pict/l79508.jpg)
The DRAKA A-DQ(ZN)B2Y outdoor cables are the best choice in wide outdoor installation. These cables can be laid without additional conduits on roofs, facades, in tele-technical ducts and even buried, although the use of additional conduits is a good practice and is always recommended, regardless of the type of cable. The most significant features of these cables include:
- high UV resistance,
- ease of pulling – the sheath provides good slip,
- maximum pulling force of 3000 N that means high tensile strength,
- gel filling of the central tube to provide protection against moisture propagation inside the cable,
- glass fibers reinforcing the cable and providing basic anti-rodent protection.
The DRAKA U-DQ(ZN)BH universal cables can be used both indoors and outdoors. The halogen-free LSZH sheath meets the applicable flammability criteria. Therefore, when installing such cabling, there is no need to change the cable type after entering the facility. Otherwise, it would be required to use a coupler and splice the fibers of two different types of cable.
Typical universal cable: DRAKA U-DQ(ZN)BH 4E L76004
DRAKA universal cables have most of the advantages of outdoor cables. These include a gel-filled central tube and glass fibers for reinforcement and basic anti-rodent protection. DRAKA universal cables have excellent strength in comparison with similar types of cables from other manufacturers. The maximum installation pulling force is 2000 N which makes them slightly less resistant than typical outdoor cables. The outer sheath is resistant to UV radiation, but in the long run the cables with PE sheath perform better in this respect. For this reason, when using the universal cable outdoors, it is recommended to use PVC or similar protective conduits.
 | TRANS-DATA LTE DZ6/8 A741008 is an external omnidirectional antenna intended for the LTE A6777 repeater. It offers a gain of 6 dBi in the 698-960 MHz band and 8 dBi in the 1710-2700 MHz band, which makes it perfect for receiving LTE signal. | |
 | Single-mode pigtail set 4 pcs. The PG-51S1 SC/UPC G.657A1 1 m red, green, blue, yellow L35511A enables neat termination of fiber optic lines. Colors can be used for quick identification of individual connections in large distribution frames (no need to use a visual fault locator to identify the fiber that requires repeated splicing) or to identify signals and services in a given fiber (e.g. camera 1, camera 2 etc.) | |
 | The single mode PC-515S1 SC-LC simplex G.657A1 L32151G patch cable is a section of a single-mode fiber optic cable with a length of 1 metre, , terminated with LC/PC and SC/PC. It enables connection to a switchboard with SC adapters to LC connectors. | |
Worth reading
Passive optical network in a building – cabling and distribution frames. To provide FTTH (Fiber To The Home) service throughout the apartment building, fiber optic cable has to be connected to each subscriber. The most popular cabling method in buildings is the star topology, in which fiber optic cables are led from the distribution frame to each apartment. However, this requires a large amount of space in the shaft and may cause some problems when splicing the main distribution frame (a large number of cables). Therefore, another method of choice is to install the distribution boxes in the cable shaft on each floor. Independent fiber optic cables run from the distribution frame to the distribution boxes on the floors. Then the fibers run directly to the subscriber and are terminated with termination boxes, e.g. ULTIMODE TB-02H TB-02H L5302...>>>more
Overview of Hikvision video intercom systems
